अथाष्टमोऽध्यायः- अक्षरब्रह्मयोग
ब्रह्म, अध्यात्म और कर्मादि के विषय में अर्जुन के सात प्रश्न और उनका उत्तर
अर्जुन उवाच
किं तद्ब्रह्म किमध्यात्मं किं पुरुषोत्तम ।
अधिभूतं च किं प्रोक्तमधिदैवं किमुच्यते৷৷8.1৷৷
arjuna uvāca
kiṅ tadbrahma kimadhyātmaṅ kiṅ karma puruṣōttama.
adhibhūtaṅ ca kiṅ prōktamadhidaivaṅ kimucyatē৷৷8.1৷৷
Meaning: Arjun said – O Purushottam! What is that Brahman? What is spirituality? What is Karma? What has been said by the name Adhibhuta and who is called Adhidaiva ॥8.1॥
अधियज्ञः कथं कोऽत्र देहेऽस्मिन्मधुसूदन ।
प्रयाणकाले च कथं ज्ञेयोऽसि नियतात्मभिः ॥8.2৷৷
adhiyajñaḥ kathaṅ kō.tra dēhē.sminmadhusūdana.
prayāṇakālē ca kathaṅ jñēyō.si niyatātmabhiḥ৷৷8.2৷৷
Meaning: Hey Madhusudan! Who is the master here? And how is he in this body? And how do you come to be known in the end times by men with a united mind ॥8.2॥
भगवत गीता के सभी अध्यायों को पढ़ें:
Shrimad Bhagwat Geeta In Hindi ~ सम्पूर्ण श्रीमद्भगवद्गीता
श्रीभगवानुवाच
अक्षरं ब्रह्म परमं स्वभावोऽध्यात्ममुच्यते ।
भूतभावोद्भवकरो विसर्गः कर्मसंज्ञितः ৷৷8.3৷৷
śrī bhagavānuvāca
akṣaraṅ brahma paramaṅ svabhāvō.dhyātmamucyatē.
bhūtabhāvōdbhavakarō visargaḥ karmasaṅjñitaḥ৷৷8.3৷৷
Meaning: Shri Bhagwan said- The ultimate letter is ‘Brahm’, its own form i.e. soul is called by the name of ‘Adhyatma’ and the renunciation that generates the feeling of ghosts is called by the name of ‘Karma’.॥8.3॥
अधिभूतं क्षरो भावः पुरुषश्चाधिदैवतम् ।
अधियज्ञोऽहमेवात्र देहे देहभृतां वर ॥8.4৷৷
adhibhūtaṅ kṣarō bhāvaḥ puruṣaścādhidaivatam.
adhiyajñō.hamēvātra dēhē dēhabhṛtāṅ vara৷৷8.4৷৷
Meaning: All substances of the religion of creation and destruction are adhibhuta, Hiranyamaya Purush (who has been called by the names Sutratma, Hiranyagarbha, Prajapati, Brahma etc. in the scriptures) is Adhidaiva and O Arjuna, the best among bodily beings! In this body, I am Vasudev alone, who is omniscient ॥8.4॥
अंतकाले च मामेव स्मरन्मुक्त्वा कलेवरम् ।
यः प्रयाति स मद्भावं याति नास्त्यत्र संशयः ৷৷8.5৷৷
antakālē ca māmēva smaranmuktvā kalēvaram.
yaḥ prayāti sa madbhāvaṅ yāti nāstyatra saṅśayaḥ৷৷8.5৷৷
Meaning: The person who renounces the body remembering me even in the last moment, he attains my real form – there is no doubt about it ॥8.5॥
यं यं वापि स्मरन्भावं त्यजत्यन्ते कलेवरम् ।
तं तमेवैति कौन्तेय सदा तद्भावभावितः ৷৷8.6৷৷
yaṅ yaṅ vāpi smaranbhāvaṅ tyajatyantē kalēvaram.
taṅ tamēvaiti kauntēya sadā tadbhāvabhāvitaḥ৷৷8.6৷৷
Meaning: Arjun, son of Kunti! Whichever feeling this man remembers when he leaves his body at the time of death, he attains only that because he has always been feeling that way ॥8.6॥
तस्मात्सर्वेषु कालेषु मामनुस्मर युद्ध च ।
मय्यर्पितमनोबुद्धिर्मामेवैष्यस्यसंशयम् ৷৷8.7৷৷
tasmātsarvēṣu kālēṣu māmanusmara yudhya ca.
mayyarpitamanōbuddhirmāmēvaiṣyasyasaṅśayam৷৷8.7৷৷
Meaning: That’s why O Arjuna! You remember me continuously at all times and also fight. In this way, with your mind and intellect surrendered to Me, you will surely attain Me only.॥8.7॥
भगवान का परम धाम और भक्ति के सोलह प्रकार
अभ्यासयोगयुक्तेन चेतसा नान्यगामिना ।
परमं पुरुषं दिव्यं याति पार्थानुचिन्तयन् ॥8.8৷৷
abhyāsayōgayuktēna cētasā nānyagāminā.
paramaṅ puruṣaṅ divyaṅ yāti pārthānucintayan৷৷8.8৷৷
Meaning: Hey Partha! It is a rule that a person who is engaged in yoga as a practice of meditation on the Supreme Lord, constantly thinking with a mind that does not go anywhere, reaches the divine Purusha, that is, the Supreme Personality of Godhead only.॥8.8॥
कविं पुराणमनुशासितार-मणोरणीयांसमनुस्मरेद्यः ।
सर्वस्य धातारमचिन्त्यरूप-मादित्यवर्णं तमसः परस्तात् ৷৷8.9৷৷
kaviṅ purāṇamanuśāsitāra-
maṇōraṇīyāṅsamanusmarēdyaḥ.
sarvasya dhātāramacintyarūpa-
mādityavarṇaṅ tamasaḥ parastāt৷৷8.9৷৷
Meaning: The man who is omniscient, eternal, the controller of all (innerally ruling according to the auspicious and inauspicious deeds of all beings), more subtle than subtle, immaterial-form, the one who sustains all, eternally conscious form of light like the sun And beyond ignorance, one remembers the Supreme Lord of Pure Sachchidanandaghan ॥8.9॥
प्रयाण काले मनसाचलेन भक्त्या युक्तो योगबलेन चैव ।
भ्रुवोर्मध्ये प्राणमावेश्य सम्यक्- स तं परं पुरुषमुपैति दिव्यम् ৷৷8.10৷৷
prayāṇakālē manasā.calēna
bhaktyā yuktō yōgabalēna caiva.
bhruvōrmadhyē prāṇamāvēśya samyak
sa taṅ paraṅ puruṣamupaiti divyam৷৷8.10৷৷
Meaning: Even at the last moment, that person with devotion, having properly established the life in the middle of the forehead with the power of yoga, and then remembering with a calm mind, attains that divine form of the Supreme Soul only ॥8.10॥
यदक्षरं वेदविदो वदन्ति विशन्ति यद्यतयो वीतरागाः ।
यदिच्छन्तो ब्रह्मचर्यं चरन्ति तत्ते पदं संग्रहेण प्रवक्ष्ये ৷৷8.11৷৷
yadakṣaraṅ vēdavidō vadanti
viśanti yadyatayō vītarāgāḥ.
yadicchantō brahmacaryaṅ caranti
tattē padaṅ saṅgrahēṇa pravakṣyē৷৷8.11৷৷
Meaning: The supreme abode which the scholars who know the Vedas call the supreme abode in the form of Sachchidanandaghanarupavinash, the ascetic devotees without attachment enter and the brahmacharis who desire the abode practice celibacy, that supreme abode, I will summarize for you. Will say ॥8.11॥
सर्वद्वाराणि संयम्य मनो हृदि निरुध्य च ।
मूर्ध्न्याधायात्मनः प्राणमास्थितो योगधारणाम् ॥8.12৷৷
ओमित्येकाक्षरं ब्रह्म व्याहरन्मामनुस्मरन् ।
यः प्रयाति त्यजन्देहं स याति परमां गतिम् ৷৷8.13৷৷
sarvadvārāṇi saṅyamya manō hṛdi nirudhya ca.
mūrdhnyādhāyātmanaḥ prāṇamāsthitō yōgadhāraṇām৷৷8.12৷৷
ōmityēkākṣaraṅ brahma vyāharanmāmanusmaran.
yaḥ prayāti tyajandēhaṅ sa yāti paramāṅ gatim৷৷8.13৷৷
Meaning: By closing the doors of all the senses and fixing the mind in the heart, then by that living mind establishing the life force in the head, being situated in the divine yoga concept, the man who pronounces ‘Om’ this one letter form Brahma and Its meaning is that one who renounces the body thinking of me as Nirguna Brahman, attains the supreme state ॥8.12-8.13॥
अनन्यचेताः सततं यो मां स्मरति नित्यशः ।
तस्याहं सुलभः पार्थ नित्ययुक्तस्य योगिनीः ৷৷8.14৷৷
ananyacētāḥ satataṅ yō māṅ smarati nityaśaḥ.
tasyāhaṅ sulabhaḥ pārtha nityayuktasya yōginaḥ৷৷8.14৷৷
Meaning: Hey Arjun! The man who constantly remembers Me, the Supreme Personality of Godhead, with his undivided mind in Me, I am easily accessible to that Yogi who is ever-continuously absorbed in Me, that is, he attains easily.॥8.14॥
मामुपेत्य पुनर्जन्म दुःखालयमशाश्वतम् ।
नाप्नुवन्ति महात्मानः संसिद्धिं परमां गताः ৷৷8.15৷৷
māmupētya punarjanma duḥkhālayamaśāśvatam.
nāpnuvanti mahātmānaḥ saṅsiddhiṅ paramāṅ gatāḥ৷৷8.15৷৷
Meaning: Mahatmajans who have attained supreme perfection do not attain the abode of sorrows and ephemeral rebirth after attaining me.॥8.15॥
आब्रह्मभुवनाल्लोकाः पुनरावर्तिनोऽर्जुन ।
मामुपेत्य तु कौन्तेय पुनर्जन्म न विद्यते ৷৷8.16৷৷
ābrahmabhuvanāllōkāḥ punarāvartinō.rjuna.
māmupētya tu kauntēya punarjanma na vidyatē৷৷8.16৷৷
Meaning: Hey Arjun! All the worlds are recurring till Brahmalok, but O son of Kunti! There is no rebirth after attaining Me, because I am timeless and all these worlds of the universe are impermanent due to being limited by time ॥8.16॥
सहस्रयुगपर्यन्तमहर्यद्ब्रह्मणो विदुः ।
रात्रिं युगसहस्रान्तां तेऽहोरात्रविदो जनाः ৷৷8.17৷৷
sahasrayugaparyantamaharyadbrahmaṇō viduḥ.
rātriṅ yugasahasrāntāṅ tē.hōrātravidō janāḥ৷৷8.17৷৷
Meaning: The one day of Brahma, which has a duration of one thousand Chaturyugi and the night also has a duration of one thousand Chaturyugi, those who know the essence of men, those yogis are the ones who know the essence of time ॥8.17॥
अव्यक्ताद्व्यक्तयः सर्वाः प्रभवन्त्यहरागमे ।
रात्र्यागमे प्रलीयन्ते तत्रैवाव्यक्तसंज्ञके ৷৷8.18৷৷
avyaktādvyaktayaḥ sarvāḥ prabhavantyaharāgamē.
rātryāgamē pralīyantē tatraivāvyaktasaṅjñakē৷৷8.18৷৷
Meaning: All the grazing ghosts are born from the unmanifest i.e. the subtle body of Brahma at the time of entry of Brahma’s day and merge into the subtle body of that unmanifested Brahma at the time of night of Brahma.॥8.18॥
भूतग्रामः स एवायं भूत्वा भूत्वा प्रलीयते ।
रात्र्यागमेऽवशः पार्थ प्रभवत्यहरागमे ৷৷8.19৷৷
bhūtagrāmaḥ sa ēvāyaṅ bhūtvā bhūtvā pralīyatē.
rātryāgamē.vaśaḥ pārtha prabhavatyaharāgamē৷৷8.19৷৷
Meaning: Hey Partha! The same this community of ghosts, after being born under the control of nature, merges at the time of night’s entry and is born again at the time of day’s entry ॥8.19॥
परस्तस्मात्तु भावोऽन्योऽव्यक्तोऽव्यक्तात्सनातनः ।
यः स सर्वेषु भूतेषु नश्यत्सु न विनश्यति ৷৷8.20৷৷
parastasmāttu bhāvō.nyō.vyaktō.vyaktātsanātanaḥ.
yaḥ sa sarvēṣu bhūtēṣu naśyatsu na vinaśyati৷৷8.20৷৷
Meaning: Beyond that unmanifest, the second, that is, unique, which is eternal unmanifested feeling, that supreme divine man does not get destroyed even after the destruction of all the ghosts.॥8.20॥
अव्यक्तोऽक्षर इत्युक्तस्तमाहुः परमां गतिम् ।
यं प्राप्य न निवर्तन्ते तद्धाम परमं मम ৷৷8.21৷৷
avyaktō.kṣara ityuktastamāhuḥ paramāṅ gatim.
yaṅ prāpya na nivartantē taddhāma paramaṅ mama ৷৷8.21৷৷
Meaning: The unmanifest ‘letter’ which has been called by this name, the unmanifested feeling called the same letter is called Paramagati and the eternal unmanifested feeling by which man does not return, that is my supreme abode ॥8.21॥
पुरुषः स परः पार्थ भक्त्या लभ्यस्त्वनन्यया ।
यस्यान्तः स्थानि भूतानि येन सर्वमिदं ततम् ৷৷8.22৷৷
puruṣaḥ sa paraḥ pārtha bhaktyā labhyastvananyayā.
yasyāntaḥsthāni bhūtāni yēna sarvamidaṅ tatam৷৷8.22৷৷
Meaning: Hey Partha! The Supreme Soul under whom everything is present and the Supreme Soul with whom this whole world is full (see Gita Chapter 9 Verse 4), that eternal unmanifest Supreme Purush is unique (see its detail in Gita Chapter 11 Verse 55) is attained by devotion only. Worth having ॥8.22॥
शुक्ल और कृष्ण मार्ग का वर्णन
यत्र काले त्वनावत्तिमावृत्तिं चैव योगिनः ।
प्रयाता यान्ति तं कालं वक्ष्यामि भरतर्षभ ৷৷8.23৷৷
yatra kālē tvanāvṛttimāvṛttiṅ caiva yōginaḥ.
prayātā yānti taṅ kālaṅ vakṣyāmi bharatarṣabha৷৷8.23৷৷
Meaning: Hey Arjun! The period in which (here the word path should be understood, because in the following verses God has called its name as ‘Sriti’, ‘Gati’). Those who have gone get the speed of returning back, I will call that time i.e. both the paths ॥8.23॥
अग्निर्ज्योतिरहः शुक्लः षण्मासा उत्तरायणम् ।
तत्र प्रयाता गच्छन्ति ब्रह्म ब्रह्मविदो जनाः ৷৷8.24৷৷
agnirjyōtirahaḥ śuklaḥ ṣaṇmāsā uttarāyaṇam.
tatra prayātā gacchanti brahma brahmavidō janāḥ৷৷8.24৷৷
Meaning: In the path where Jyotirmaya is the proud deity of fire, the proud deity of the day, the proud deity of Shukla Paksha and the proud deity of the six months of Uttarayan, the Brahmavetta yogis who have passed away on that path are taken in order by suitable deities. Brahma is attained. ॥8.24॥
धूमो रात्रिस्तथा कृष्ण षण्मासा दक्षिणायनम् ।
तत्र चान्द्रमसं ज्योतिर्योगी प्राप्य निवर्तते ৷৷8.25৷৷
dhūmō rātristathā kṛṣṇaḥ ṣaṇmāsā dakṣiṇāyanam.
tatra cāndramasaṅ jyōtiryōgī prāpya nivartatē৷৷8.25৷৷
Meaning: In the path where Jyotirmaya is the proud deity of fire, the proud deity of the day, the proud deity of Shukla Paksha and the proud deity of the six months of Uttarayan, the Brahmavetta yogis who have passed away on that path are taken in order by suitable deities. Brahma is attained. ॥8.24॥
शुक्ल कृष्णे गती ह्येते जगतः शाश्वते मते ।
एकया यात्यनावृत्ति मन्ययावर्तते पुनः ৷৷8.26৷৷
śuklakṛṣṇē gatī hyētē jagataḥ śāśvatē matē.
ēkayā yātyanāvṛttimanyayā৷৷vartatē punaḥ ৷৷8.26৷৷
Meaning: Because these two types of the world – Shukla and Krishna means Devyan and Pitriyan Marg are considered eternal. Among these, the one who has gone through (i.e. according to verse 24 of this chapter the yogi who has gone through the path of archimarg.)– one who does not have to return, attains that supreme state and the one who has gone through the other (i.e. according to verse 25 of this chapter) A successful Karmayogi who has gone through the path of smoke.) then comes back, that is, he attains birth and death ॥8.26॥
नैते सृती पार्थ जानन्योगी मुह्यति कश्चन ।
तस्मात्सर्वेषु कालेषु योगयुक्तो भवार्जुन ৷৷8.27৷৷
naitē sṛtī pārtha jānanyōgī muhyati kaścana.
tasmātsarvēṣu kālēṣu yōgayuktō bhavārjuna৷৷ 8.27৷৷
Meaning: Hey Partha! In this way no yogi gets deluded by knowing these two paths in principle. For this reason O Arjuna! May you always be united in yoga in the form of equanimity, that is, you should constantly do the means for my attainment ॥8.27॥
वेदेषु यज्ञेषु तपःसु चैव दानेषु यत्पुण्यफलं प्रदिष्टम् ।
अत्येत तत्सर्वमिदं विदित्वा योगी परं स्थानमुपैति चाद्यम् ৷৷8.28৷৷
vēdēṣu yajñēṣu tapaḥsu caiva
dānēṣu yatpuṇyaphalaṅ pradiṣṭam.
atyēti tatsarvamidaṅ viditvā
yōgī paraṅ sthānamupaiti cādyam৷৷8.28৷৷
Meaning: Knowing this secret from the element, the Yogi man undoubtedly violates all the virtues that have been said in the study of the Vedas and in the performance of Yajna, Tapa and Danadi and attains the eternal supreme position.॥8.28॥
ॐ तत्सदिति श्री मद्भगवद्गीतासूपनिषत्सु ब्रह्मविद्यायां योगशास्त्रे
श्री कृष्णार्जुनसंवादे अक्षर ब्रह्मयोगो नामाष्टमोऽध्यायः ॥8॥
भगवत गीता के अन्य अध्यायों को भी पढ़ें :
अर्जुनविषादयोग ~ भगवत गीता ~ अध्याय एक – Bhagwat Geeta Chapter 1
सांख्ययोग ~ भगवत गीता ~ द्वितीय दो – Bhagwat Geeta Chapter 2
कर्मयोग~ भगवत गीता ~ अध्याय तीन – Karmyog Bhagwat Geeta Chapter 3
ज्ञानकर्मसंन्यासयोग – अध्याय चार~GyanKarmSanyasYog Bhagwat Geeta Chapter 4
KarmSanyasYog Bhagwat Geeta Chapter 5 ~ कर्मसंन्यासयोग ~ अध्याय पाँच
AtmSanyamYog Bhagwat Geeta Chapter 6 | आत्मसंयमयोग ~ अध्याय छः